![]() Haidar (2019) 2 claims that the aftermath of the Syrian War could create a fertile ground for the emergence of groups that are conducting illicit activities across the region. Similarly, a more recent example (conflict in Syria) created significant consequences for the international community, but as the conflict stabilized and the air cleared, re-design of illicit power structures defined the new threat for the region. ![]() As an example, Marleku and Reka (2018) argue that “due to geopolitical, political, economic and cultural factors, the states in the region suffer more from non-traditional or ‘soft security’ rather than hard ‘security’ threats.” The same authors also connect the emergence of organized crime in the Western Balkans to the post-communist transition in the region after the collapse of Yugoslavia. However, as the competition becomes more obvious, States look for opportunities to use every possible way of using these threats for their advantage.Īn analysis by Dominic Tierney 1 claims “Future great-power competition, like earlier counter-terrorism efforts, may occur within insecure states and feature alliances with non-state actors.” States also feel the pressure of soft security challenges in times of domestic, regional and global transitions. Traditional understanding of these threats assumed soft security challenges emerge independently from States’ involvement (direct or indirect) and does not consider States use of these actors to reach their objectives. Expanding the definition of “security” to include “soft security” issues that are non-military in nature and increasingly threatening to the global security domain, brought these non-military security elements to the attention of discussions surrounding power competition among States. Many non-traditional security issues take a significant place in the national security strategies of states and these issues occurring at the same time create instabilities and emerging threats at the regional and global level. This is related to changes in the definition of “security” after the Cold War and the inclusion of soft security issues as the main threats to the national security of states. Strategic competition at the regional and global level includes issues that are not always related to hard power and traditional security issues. Hard power in the power competition does not lose its significance nonetheless, soft power options become much more available and less costly for states to obtain a clear advantage over the competing power. It proposes that states balance each other mostly using hard power supported by their economic strength. The State-to-State interaction framework is the main pattern analyzing state behavior in the contemporary strategic competition debate. The digital domain is also becoming more visible in the competition debate. Strategic competition (SC) has many levels and operational dimensions, however two issues are critical when we talk about competition at the global scale: military power and economic strength. Masters Program in International Security Studies - MISS.Fellows / Joint Professional Military Education - JPME.Seminar in Irregular Warfare/Hybrid Threats (SIWHT).Program on Terrorism and Security Studies (PTSS). ![]()
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